Explain Functional Testing And Its Types

What is Functional Testing?

Functional Testing is software testing that validates the software system. It provides input by verifying the output against the functional requirements. The Testing involves black-box testing, which isn’t concerned with the Application’s source code. The testing type in software checks User interface, Security, Database, APIs, Client communication, and other application functionality under test.

What to test in Functional Testing?

The main aim of functional testing is to check the purpose of the software system. Functional Testing is a software test type that focuses on

• Mainline Functions
  To test the primary function of an application.
• Basic Usability
  It involves basic usability testing where a user can navigate through the screens and without any difficulties.
• Accessibility
  Check out the accessibility of the user’s system.
• Error Conditions
  The testing technique checks for error conditions and other displayed messages.

How to perform Functional Testing?

Below steps used for functional Testing:

• Understand the functional needs.
• Compute the expected outcomes with selected test input values.
• Execute test cases.
• Identify the test input or test data based on needs.
• Compare actual and computed expected results.

Functional Testing Types

1. Unit Testing

Unit testing is the smallest testable unit of code used during unit testing. It is one of the most preferred techniques for developers. It helps uncover the defect during the initial development phase and helps in saving the higher cost of fixing the fault during the later stages of STLC.

Functional Testing Example

• Unit testing used for Login that looks like
• Navigate to the login page
• Enter your Email ID and click on Next
• Enter the password of the registered user
• Click on Sign in. If successful, then move to the next page.
• If you get an error message, then re-login it.

2. Integration Testing

When two or more unit-tested software components integrate to validate integration as expected. It’s performed to test the module that works fine without showing bugs during integration. In this software test type, developers build different system modules and don’t focus on others.

Integration functional testing with example

Test case for test scenario adds to the bag where a bag looks like:

• The objective is to check the interface between the Add to Cart and My Cart module on the e-commerce application homepage.
• The case description is from the homepage. Select the product to click on the Add to Cart button.
• Where the expected result is a selected product that should appear in the My Cart folder.
• The main objective is integrating Add to Cart and my Cart folder in the above example.

3. Interface Testing

It’s a part of integration Functional Testing. It offers correctness of the data exchange, the message calls, data transfer, and commands between two integrated, tested components. While testing, there shouldn’t be any error problems encountered. Interface testing tests the connection between different integrated interfaces. It is the Testing used for an integrated group of modules as a single unit.

4. System Testing

System testing is a type of testing software that conducts and integrates the system. It evaluates its compliance and specified requirements. Completing the integrated Testing, the product is later passed to system testing. The functional Testing performed by testers plays a role in developing the program. Verifying that the Application meets the technical and functional business needs is essential. For example

Perform system testing when all the modules develop and pass integration. The product adds features like reports, leave Applications, performance trackers, employee details, etc.

5. Regression Testing

The QA developers can modify its purpose where there is a huge circumstance in the update that causes unexpected behavior. It comes with various types of Testing. Regression testing is performed to ensure that a change is built and ensure that it removes bugs that continue to stay dead.

6. Smoke Testing

It’s the best software test type developers use to publish new builds to evaluate the system. The main objective of Testing is to verify the most critical functionality of the system. In these types of testing, both testers and developers perform smoke testing to build focus.

7. Sanity Testing

Both smoke testing and sanity testing are used interchangeably in testing contexts. This functional test type runs after each build is received. This type of software testing is a subset of regression testing that focuses on executing test cases related to the changes made. The sanity testing is stable and comes with minor changes. The Testing is performed by testers and is release-focused.

Example

8. Acceptance Testing

In this test case, the acceptance of the Application is done by the end-user to test and make sure that the developed system fulfils all needs. It’s performed after the system testing and before the application’s final release in the real world. In addition, Testing becomes a criterion for the user to accept or reject the system.

Wrap up

In any software testing, functional testing is a process of testing functionalities that ensure the system works per the requirements specified in the business documents. The main testing goal is to check whether the system’s functionality works well.